Diabetic retinopathy is a a complication of diabetes that leads to damage of the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by changes and damage to the blood vessels in the retina that can lead to swelling and bleeding as well as loss of blood flow and even retinal detachment in severe cases.
Diabetic retinopathy usually affects both eyes, but not always equally. In some cases, the blood vessels of the retina may become blocked or swell and leak protein and fluid. In other cases, abnormal new blood vessels grow on the retina’s surface. Those in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy may not notice any changes to their vision, although an exam may detect it. Over time, however, diabetic retinopathy can get worse and cause moderate to severe vision loss.
Clinical testing such as retinal photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography and fluorescein angiography is frequently utilized to grade the retinopathy and help with treatment decisions.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetics are at risk for developing diabetic retinopathy and should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam annually. If diabetic retinopathy has been diagnosed, treatment options can help prevent the disease’s progression. Also, controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol can help mitigate the progression of the disease.
Depending on the type and severity of the condition, treatments may include injections of medications, laser or other treatments, such as vitrectomy surgery. As treatment does not always restore vision, good diabetes control and early detection of diabetic retinopathy is the best means of prevention.
